Numerical Control. A form of programmable automation in which the machine tool is controlled by punched tape. NC code contains a program of instructions and commands, which consists of numbers, letters, and other symbols.
CAD
Computer Assisted Design. A computer based design and drafting tool.
CAM
Computer Assisted Manufacturing. In general, CAM uses a computer to assist in any or all phases of manufacturing. But more specifically CAM in the machine shop deals with automatic programming of CNC machinery.
Card reader
A machine that reads punched cards into a computer.
Center
A point around which anything revolves or rotates.
In the machine shop this often refers to a centering device usually affixed to the tailstock of a lathe, which is used to support a work piece with a pre-drilled center hole drill. The center and the pre-drilled hole have 60 degree included angles. The center usually has a Morse taper on the opposite end for snug fitting into the tailstock. Live-centers have [ball bearings for rotation. Dead centers do not rotate and require lubrication. The top image is a dead center. The bottom image is a live-center.
Center cutting end mill
An end mill that is capable of axial as well as radial cut. Two opposing cutting [flutes are so close together that the mill can act as a drill. Below left is a center cutting end mill. Below right is a hollow coolant-flow end mill capable of side cutting but not down cutting.
Chamfer
To bevel an edge. This can be a straight edge, curved edge, or a hole
Chamfer gage
Tool used to measure the width of chamfers/countersinks at the top of a hole.
Work holding device that is mounted on a lathe spindle, drill press spindle, or mill table to hold and revolve a work piece or cutting tool.
Clamp, edge
An edge clamp is any of a number of different clamps that hold the work piece by “pinching” sideways instead of by tightening downward. The edge clamp shown uses a dovetail arrangement that forces the end piece down a ramp via a socket screw. This closes lateral distance.
An internal or external type of screw thread that has an included angle of 29 degrees. Acme threads are used on most vertical milling machines as they are very strong and can compensate for wear. See also unified screw thread, whitworth, American national form
American National Thread Form
An American standard thread used in U.S. industry.
American Standard Taper Pipe Thread
An American standard pipe thread used in U.S. industry.
Angle
The space between two lines diverging from a common point and expressed in numerical form.
Automatic bar feeder
A bar feeder that incrementally feeds a single long bar of round stock through the spindle of a CNC lathe. A CNC M code actuates the bar feeder directly from the parts program. When one length of bar is used up another is automatically placed in the system.
A reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a the Cartesian coordinate system. In the picture below these lines are labeled X, Y, and Z.
A straight line about which a body or geometric object rotates or may be conceived to rotate. In the picture below the rotational axes are labeled A (rotation about the X axis, B (rotation about the Y axis, and C (rotation about the Z axis.
Glossary DData
For a CNC machine tool or a PC data is information in numerical form that can be digitally transmitted or processed. In a statistical sense data is factual information such as measurements used as a basis for discussion or calculation
Datum
A reference point from which movements or measurements are made. A datum can lie anywhere on the surface of a work piece. A datum can be a coordinate but does not have to have a physical feature.
Depth micrometer
A micrometer used to measure the depth of slots, steps, and other features.
Dial caliper
A caliper-like measuring device which uses a rack and pinion to move an indicator dial. Usually one revolution of the dial denotes .100 inch of movement.
A reference point from which movements or measurements are made. A datum can lie anywhere on the surface of a work piece. A datum can be a coordinate but does not have to have a physical feature.
An electronic instrument consisting of a set of very precise linear scales that are attached to the axis or slides of a machine. Optical readers read positional data and display it digitally.
Dog
A driver that is clamped to a rotating work piece and used to rotate it with the spindle. Usually driven by a face plate.
A twist drill used to make holes.
the process of drilling using a drill with two cutting edges to make a hole in firm material…
A machine designed to rotate and feed end-cutting tools for drilling, reaming, tapping, countersinking, counter boring, spot facing, and [boring. Similar to a vertical mill except the drill press does not have an articulated worktable.
The apparent displacement of an observed object due to a change in the position of the observer. Parallax error can cause a misreading of a scale or a dial.
Parallax error
An error in reading an instrument due to a parallax situation
Parallels
A set of steel bodies ground to exact likeness in size and parallelism. They are often used for machine and inspection setups.
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