applet: بريمج
argument(parameter): معامل
Authenication: إسناد
block: وحدة/لبنة
boot: إقلاع
charater: محرف
client: مخدوم
compiler: مصنف
cross-platform: متعدد منصات العمل
deamon: مراقبات
default: تلقائي
directory: دليل أو مجلد
function: وظيفة
Home directory: الدليل البيت
kernel: نواة
mount: ضم (أو احتضان/تحميل) نظام ملفات إلى نظام ملفات اللينكس
panel: لوح/لوحة
prototype (of a function) : نموذج
route: توجيه
service: برامج خدمية
server: خادم
stack: مكدس
stream: سيال
themes: مؤثرات
virtual: افتراضي
وهذه الصطلحات لم أجد مايقابلها
module:
Microkernel
Monolithic
permissions:صلاحيات ، أذونات ، تراخيص
addr2line[7.4.6] adduser[4.9]
agetty[4.3] apropos[3.2]
ar[7.4.3] arch[3.4]
arp[5.3.11] as[A0] (GAS is an AT&T style assembler)
awk[4.2] badblocks[4.8]
basename[??? 7.2] bash[3.2 4.2 6.2]
bison[1.6] (parser generator) bunzip2[4.2.3] (linked to bzip2)
bz*: bzcat,bzcmp,bzdiff,bzegrep,bzfgrep,bzgrep,bzless,and bzmore[4.2.3]
bzip2[4.2.3] cal[4.2]
cat[3.2] cfdisk[4.8]
chage[4.9] chgrp[4.2 4.9]
chmod[4.2 4.9] chown[4.2 4.9]
chroot[4.2 5.4] chsh[4.9]
cksum[4.2] cmp[???]
comm[4.2] cp[3.2]
ctrlaltdel[4.3] cut[4.2 6.2]
date[4.2 7.2] dd[3.2]
deluser[4.9] depmod[4.1 4.3]
df[3.2] diff[3.5.3 4.2 5.4]
dirname[??? 7.2] dmesg[4.1 4.2]
dnsdomainname (linked to hostname)
domainname[5.2] (linked to hostname)
du[3.2] dumpe2fs (for backup)
e2fsck[4.8] e2label[4.8]
echo[3.2] ed[3.3]
egrip[4.2] (linked to grip) env[6.1]
expr[6.2] factor[2.8]
fdformat[4.8] fdisk[4.8]
fgrep[4.2] (linked to grip) file[3.2]
find[4.2 5.4] flex (free lexical analyzer,see bison)
free[3.2] fsck.cramfs[4.8]
fsck.ext2[4.8] fsck.ext3[4.8]
fsck.minix[4.8] fsck[4.8]
fuser[4.2 4.8 5.2] gawk[4.2]
gcc[7.1 7.4] (cc,cc1,cpp,c++,cpp0,cc1plus,and g++)
genksyms (generate kernel symbols file for debuging, part of modutils)
gettext[6.5 7.2] grep[4.2]
groff (see man) groupadd[4.9]
groupdel[4.9] groups[4.9]
groups[4.9] gunzip[4.2.3] (linked to gzip)
gzip[4.2.3] halt[2.1 4.2]
head[4.2] hostname[5.2]
hwclock[4.2] iconv[4.2]
ifconfig[5.2] inetd[5.3] (replaced by xinetd)
info[3.2] init[4.1 4.3]
insmod[4.1 4.3] kill[4.2]
killall (see kill) klogd[4.3] (kernel log daemon)
last[4.9] lastb (see last)
lastlog[4.9] (see last) ld[7.4.3]
ldconfig[4.3 7.4] ldd[4.3 7.4]
less[3.2] lex (see flex)
lilo[4.4] ln[3.2]
locale[3.6] localedef[3.6]
locate[4.2 5.4] login[4.3]
losetup[4.8] ls[3.2]
lsdev[4.1] lsmod[4.1 4.3]
make[3.5 7.4] makewhatis[3.2]
man2html[3.2] man[3.2]
md5sum[1.5 4.2] mesg[4.2]
mkdir[3.2] mke2fs[4.8]
mkfifo[7.2] mkfs.bfs[4.8]
mkfs.cramfs[4.8] mkfs.ext2[4.8]
mkfs.ext3[4.8] mkfs.minix[4.8]
mkfs[4.8] mklost+found (see fsck)
mknod[7.2 A0] mkrescue (make a lilo boot disk, see lilol)
mkswap[4.8] modinfo[4.1 4.3]
modprobe[4.1 4.3] more[3.2]
mount[4.1 4.2 4.8]
msg*: msgattrib,msgcat,msgcmp,msgcomm,msgconv,msgen,msgexec,msgfilter,msgfmt,msggrep,msginit,msgmerge,msgunfmt,msguniq (see gettext)
mv[3.2] netstat[5.2]
nice[4.2] nisdomainname (linked to hostname)
nohup[4.2 4.7] nroff (see man)
passwd[4.3 4.9] patch[3.5.3 4.2]
perl[6.4] pgrep (see grep and ps)
pidof (see pid) ping[5.2]
pivot_root[???] (see chroot) pkill (see kill)
poweroff (see halt) printf[3.2 4.2 6.4 7.1]
procinfo[3.1 4.2] ps[4.2]
pstree (see ps) pwd[3.2]
ramsize[4.3] (linked to rdev) rarp[5.3.11]
rdev[4.3] reboot (see halt)
rename (see mv) renice[4.2]
resize2fs[4.8] rm[3.2]
rmdir[3.2] rmmod[4.1 4.3]
rmt[???] rootflags[4.3] (linked to rdev)
route[5.2] runlevel[4.3]
rview[3.3] (see vim) rvim[3.3] (see vim)
sed[4.2 6.2] seq[???]
setfont (see unicode_start) setleds[4.3]
sfdisk[4.8] sh[3.2 6.2]
showfont (see unicode_start) shred[4.8]
shutdown (see halt) skill (see kill)
sleep[4.2] sln[3.2] (see ln)
snice (see nice) socklist[5.2 7.2]
sort[4.2] split[4.2]
strings[7.4.3 7.4.6] strip[7.4.6]
stty[???] su[3.2]
sulogin[4.3] (login for single user ie runlevel 1)
sum[4.2] swapoff[4.8] (link to swapon)
swapon[4.8] sync[4.8]
syslogd[4.3] (system log daemon)
tac [3.2] (see cat) tail[4.2]
tar[4.2.3] tee[???]
telinit (link to init) test[???]
top[4.2] touch[4.9]
tr[4.2] tty[???]
tune2fs[4.8] umount[4.1 4.2 4.8]
uname[4.3] uncompress[4.2.3] (linked to gunzip)
unicode_start[4.3] unicode_stop (see unicode_start)
uniq[4.2] updatedb[4.2 5.4]
uptime[3.1 4.2] useradd[4.9]
userdel[4.9] users[4.9]
vi[3.3] (linked to vim or nvi) vidmode[4.3] (linked to rdev)
view[3.3] (see vim) vim[3.3]
vimtutor[3.3] (see vim) wall [4.2]
wc[4.2] whatis[3.2]
whereis[4.2] who[4.9]
whoami[3.2] xargs[6.2]
xinetd[5.3] yacc (see bison)
ypdomainname(link to hostname)
z*: zcat,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep,zfgrep,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew[4.2.3]
[A
U.S.A Government related:
ANSI ARPA DoD FIPS NIST NSA
Standard related:
ASCII DES HUG IEEE ISO HIG POSIX
ORGs related:
FSF GNU IEEE ISO SPI TLDP UNDP
Linux and Unix related:
*NIX Linux LUG TUX BSD POSIX
License related:
BSD EULA FDL GPL POSIX
Protocols related:
ARP CHAP DDP ICMP IMAP IP IPv4 IPv6 MSA MSP MSS MTU NTP PAP POP PPP RPC SMB SMTP SNMP SQL TCP TTL ToS UDP UUCP XDMCP
Networks related:
ARPAN ATM DLCI DMZ DNAT FQDN IOSN IRDA ISDN ISP MAC MAC MDA MSA MTA MTU MUA NAT SNAT SWAT VNC webmin
Buses related :
AGP ATAPI IDE ISA PCI PCMCIA SCSI UART USB
Other Hardware related:
ALU APM ACPI CPU IA IRDA IRQ LBA MP PIC PNP POST PPC RAM ROM SMP UP
Software related:
BASH CC CLUE CORBA CPP CVS DAEMon GIMP GNOME GRUB GUI IDE KDE LiLo ORB PAM PERL TSR VFS WINE
Other:
BIOS CUPS EDSAC EDVAC ENIAC i18n l10n LPD LVM MBR RAID TMTOWTDI UNIVAC
*nix: any UNIX like OS.
ACPI: Advanced Configeration & Power Interface. (see APM)
AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port. (a bus designed to improve performance of 3D graphics)
ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit. (part of CPU)
ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
APM: Advanced Power Management. (now replaced by ACPI)
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol, maps IP to Hardware address.
ARPA: Advanced Research Project Agency.
ARPAN: Advanced Research Project Agency Network. (internet mother)
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
ATAPI: AT Attachment Packet Interface. (like SCSI a protocol for controlling mass-storage devices eg. CDROM)
ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (a network technology)
BASH: Bourne Again SHell .
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System.
BSD: Berkeley Software Distribution.
CC: C Compiler.
CD: Compact Disc.
CHAP: Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol.
CLUE: Command Line User Environment. (see GUI)
CORBA: Common Object Request Broker Architecture. (see ORB)
CPP: C Preprocessor.
CPU: Central Processing Unit.
CUPS: Common Unix Printing System.(see LPD)
CVS: Concurrent Versions System.
DDP: Datagram Delivery Protocol. (used in AppleTalk)
DES: Data Encryption Standard.
DLCI: Data Link Connection Identifier. (used in Frame Relay networks)
DMZ: De-Militarized Zone. (a perimeter network ie between INET & LAN)
DNAT: Destination Network Addres Translation.
DoD: (U.S) Department of Defence.
Daemon: Disk And Execution Monitor.
EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer. (one of first computers, see ENIAC,EDVAC, and UNIVAC)
EDVAC: Electronic Discvete Variable Automatic Computer 1946. (one of first computers, see ENIAC,EDSAC, and UNIVAC)
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 1943-1946. (one of first computers, see EDVAC,EDSAC, and UNIVAC)
EULA: End-User License Agreement.
FIPS: (U.S) Federal Information Processing Standards. (also a free partitioning tool for DOS)
FQDN: Fully Qualified Domain Name.
FSF: Free Software Foundation.
GIMP: GNU Image Manpulator!!
GNOME: GNU Network Object Model Environment.
GNU: GNU is Not Unix.
GPL: General Public License.
GRUB: GRand Unified Bootloader.
GUI: Graphical User Iinterfce. (see CLUE,HIG)
HIG: (GNOME) Human Interface Guidelines.
i18n: Internationalization.
IA: Intel Arch. (the 80x86 family)
IDE: Integrated Devalopment Enviroment. (a GUI for compiler)
IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics. (a bus used by hard drives)
IMAP: Internet Message Protocol - it's client access to your email remotly (see POP,MSA)
IOSN: International Open Source Network
IP: Internet Protocol. (see arpan)
IPv4: or inet4 is Internet Protocol version 4 (32-bit "W.X.Y.Z" in dec)
IPv6: or inet6 is Internet Protocol version 6 (128-bit "XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX" in hex)
IRC: Internet Relay Chat.
IRDA: InfraRed Data Association.
IRQ: Interrupt Request.
ISA: Industry System Architecture. (old bus)
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISO: International Standardization Organization.
ISP: Internet Service Provider.
KDE: K Desktop Enviorment.
l10n: Localization.
LBA: Logical Block Addressing.
LiLo: Linux Loder.
Linux: Linus UNIX.
LPD: Line Printer Daemon. (see CUPS)
LUG: Linux User Group.
LVM: Logical Volume Management.
MAC address: ethernet Media Access Control. Also called Ethernet Hardware address. (48-bit like XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX in hex)
MBR: Master Boot Record.
MDA: Mail Delivary Agent. (see MTA,MUA)
MIPS: Million Instruction Per Second.
MP: Multi Processor (more than 1 CPU) systems.
MSA: Mail Submission Agent protocol. (see IMAP,POP)
MSP: Message Send Protocol.
MSS: Maximum Segment Size. (see MTU)
MTA: Mail Transport Agent. (see MDA,MUA)
MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit.
MUA: Mail User Agent. (see MDA,MTA)
NAT: Network Addres Translation.
NBP: Name Binding Protocol.
NIS: Netword Information Server.
NIST: (American) National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NSA: (American) National Security Agency.
NTP: Network Time Protocol.
ORB: Object Request Broker. (see CORBA)
PAM: Plugable Authenication Module.
PAP: Password Authentication Protocol.
PCI: Pheripheral Component Interconnect. (a 32-bit bus designed by Intel)
PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. (a bus used in laptops)
PERL: Pathalogical Eelectic Rubbish Lister.
PERL: Practicl Everythhing Really Likeable.
PERL: Practicl Extrction Reoprt Language.
PIC: Programmable Interrupt Controller.
PNP: Plug and Play.
POP: PostOffice Protocol - it's client access to your email remotly then delete it from server (see IMAP,MSA)
POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface, an attempt to standardize UNIX-like OSes.
POST: Power On Self Test.
PPC: Power Personal Computer.
PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol.
RAID: Redundant Array of Indepenant Disks.
RAM: Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
RPC: (Sun Mircrosystems) Remote Procedure Call.
RTMP: Routing Table Maintenance Protocol. (ddp port 1)
SCSI: Small Computer Systems Interconnect. (fast bus for larg size data storage)
SMB: Session Management Block protocol. Also called netbios. (in Linux we have samba)
SMP: Symmetric Multi Processing.
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - to send emails.
SNAT: Source Network Addres Translation.
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol.
SPI: Software in the Public Interest. (related to Debian)
SQL: Structured Query Language.
SWAT: Samba Web Administration Tool. (windows networks, see SMB)
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
TLDP: The Linux Documentation Project.
TMTOWTDI: There's More Than One Way To Do It.
TSR: Terminate but stay resedent in memory.
TTL flag: Time To Live. (in TCP)
TUX: Torvalds UNIX.
ToS flag: Type of Service.(in TCP)
UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. (used in real modems)
UDP: User Datagram Protocol.
UNDP: United Nations Development Programme.
UNIVAC: UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1951. (one of first computers, see ENIAC,EDVAC,and EDSAC)
UP: Uniprocessor (1 CPU) system.
USB: Universal Serial Bus. (small general perpose bus eg. scanners printers mass-storage ...)
UUCP: Unix to Unix Communication Protocol.
VFS: Virtual File System.
VNC: Virtual Network Computing.
webmin: web based system administration utility.
WINE: Wine Is Not Emulator.
XDMCP: X Display Management Control Protocol.
YP: Yello Pages. (old name for NIS)
ZIP: Zone Information Protocol.