ملحق المصطلحات كتاب لينكس الشامل >>

ملحق المصطلحات

تعريب المصطلحات

لقد استخدمت المصطلحات المعربة التالية :

applet: بريمج
argument(parameter): معامل
Authenication: إسناد
block: وحدة/لبنة
boot: إقلاع
charater: محرف
client: مخدوم
compiler: مصنف
cross-platform: متعدد منصات العمل
deamon: مراقبات
default: تلقائي
directory: دليل أو مجلد
function: وظيفة
Home directory: الدليل البيت
kernel: نواة
mount: ضم (أو احتضان/تحميل) نظام ملفات إلى نظام ملفات اللينكس
panel: لوح/لوحة
prototype (of a function) : نموذج
route: توجيه
service: برامج خدمية
server: خادم
stack: مكدس
stream: سيال
themes: مؤثرات
virtual: افتراضي
وهذه الصطلحات لم أجد مايقابلها
module:
Microkernel
Monolithic
permissions:صلاحيات ، أذونات ، تراخيص

الأوامر

addr2line[7.4.6]		adduser[4.9]
agetty[4.3]			apropos[3.2]
ar[7.4.3]			arch[3.4]
arp[5.3.11]			as[A0] (GAS is an AT&T style assembler)
awk[4.2]			badblocks[4.8]
basename[??? 7.2]		bash[3.2 4.2 6.2]
bison[1.6] (parser generator)	bunzip2[4.2.3] (linked to bzip2)
bz*: bzcat,bzcmp,bzdiff,bzegrep,bzfgrep,bzgrep,bzless,and bzmore[4.2.3]
bzip2[4.2.3]			cal[4.2]
cat[3.2]			cfdisk[4.8]
chage[4.9]			chgrp[4.2 4.9]
chmod[4.2 4.9]			chown[4.2 4.9]
chroot[4.2 5.4]			chsh[4.9]
cksum[4.2]			cmp[???]
comm[4.2]			cp[3.2]
ctrlaltdel[4.3]			cut[4.2 6.2]
date[4.2 7.2]			dd[3.2]
deluser[4.9]			depmod[4.1 4.3]
df[3.2]				diff[3.5.3 4.2 5.4]
dirname[??? 7.2]		dmesg[4.1 4.2]
dnsdomainname (linked to hostname)
domainname[5.2] (linked to hostname)
du[3.2]				dumpe2fs (for backup)
e2fsck[4.8]			e2label[4.8]
echo[3.2]			ed[3.3]
egrip[4.2] (linked to grip)	env[6.1]
expr[6.2]			factor[2.8]
fdformat[4.8]			fdisk[4.8]
fgrep[4.2] (linked to grip)	file[3.2]
find[4.2 5.4]			flex (free lexical analyzer,see bison)
free[3.2]			fsck.cramfs[4.8]
fsck.ext2[4.8]			fsck.ext3[4.8]
fsck.minix[4.8]			fsck[4.8]
fuser[4.2 4.8 5.2]		gawk[4.2]
gcc[7.1 7.4] (cc,cc1,cpp,c++,cpp0,cc1plus,and g++)
genksyms (generate kernel symbols file for debuging, part of modutils)
gettext[6.5 7.2]		grep[4.2]
groff (see man)			groupadd[4.9]
groupdel[4.9]			groups[4.9]
groups[4.9]			gunzip[4.2.3] (linked to gzip)
gzip[4.2.3]			halt[2.1 4.2]
head[4.2]			hostname[5.2]
hwclock[4.2]			iconv[4.2]
ifconfig[5.2]			inetd[5.3] (replaced by xinetd)
info[3.2]			init[4.1 4.3]
insmod[4.1 4.3]			kill[4.2]
killall (see kill)		klogd[4.3] (kernel log daemon)
last[4.9]			lastb (see last)
lastlog[4.9] (see last)		ld[7.4.3]
ldconfig[4.3 7.4]		ldd[4.3 7.4]
less[3.2]			lex (see flex)
lilo[4.4]			ln[3.2]
locale[3.6]			localedef[3.6]
locate[4.2 5.4]			login[4.3]
losetup[4.8]			ls[3.2]
lsdev[4.1]			lsmod[4.1 4.3]
make[3.5 7.4]			makewhatis[3.2]
man2html[3.2]			man[3.2]
md5sum[1.5 4.2]			mesg[4.2]
mkdir[3.2]			mke2fs[4.8]
mkfifo[7.2]			mkfs.bfs[4.8]
mkfs.cramfs[4.8]		mkfs.ext2[4.8]
mkfs.ext3[4.8]			mkfs.minix[4.8]
mkfs[4.8]			mklost+found (see fsck)
mknod[7.2 A0]			mkrescue (make a lilo boot disk, see lilol)
mkswap[4.8]			modinfo[4.1 4.3]
modprobe[4.1 4.3]		more[3.2]
mount[4.1 4.2 4.8]
msg*: msgattrib,msgcat,msgcmp,msgcomm,msgconv,msgen,msgexec,msgfilter,msgfmt,msggrep,msginit,msgmerge,msgunfmt,msguniq (see gettext)
mv[3.2]				netstat[5.2]
nice[4.2]			nisdomainname (linked to hostname)
nohup[4.2 4.7]			nroff (see man)
passwd[4.3 4.9]			patch[3.5.3 4.2]
perl[6.4]			pgrep (see grep and ps)
pidof (see pid)			ping[5.2]
pivot_root[???] (see chroot)	pkill (see kill)
poweroff (see halt)		printf[3.2 4.2 6.4 7.1]
procinfo[3.1 4.2]		ps[4.2]
pstree (see ps)			pwd[3.2]
ramsize[4.3] (linked to rdev)	rarp[5.3.11]
rdev[4.3]			reboot (see halt)
rename (see mv)			renice[4.2]
resize2fs[4.8]			rm[3.2]
rmdir[3.2]			rmmod[4.1 4.3]
rmt[???]			rootflags[4.3] (linked to rdev)
route[5.2]			runlevel[4.3]
rview[3.3] (see vim)		rvim[3.3] (see vim)
sed[4.2 6.2]			seq[???]
setfont (see unicode_start)	setleds[4.3]
sfdisk[4.8]			sh[3.2 6.2]
showfont (see unicode_start)	shred[4.8]
shutdown (see halt)		skill (see kill)
sleep[4.2]			sln[3.2] (see ln)
snice (see nice)		socklist[5.2 7.2]
sort[4.2]			split[4.2]
strings[7.4.3 7.4.6]		strip[7.4.6]
stty[???]			su[3.2]
sulogin[4.3] (login for single user ie runlevel 1)
sum[4.2]			swapoff[4.8] (link to swapon)
swapon[4.8]			sync[4.8]
syslogd[4.3] (system log daemon)
tac [3.2] (see cat)		tail[4.2]
tar[4.2.3]			tee[???]
telinit (link to init)		test[???]
top[4.2]			touch[4.9]
tr[4.2]				tty[???]
tune2fs[4.8]			umount[4.1 4.2 4.8]
uname[4.3]			uncompress[4.2.3] (linked to gunzip)
unicode_start[4.3]		unicode_stop (see unicode_start)
uniq[4.2]			updatedb[4.2 5.4]
uptime[3.1 4.2]			useradd[4.9]
userdel[4.9]			users[4.9]
vi[3.3] (linked to vim or nvi)	vidmode[4.3] (linked to rdev)
view[3.3] (see vim)		vim[3.3]
vimtutor[3.3] (see vim)		wall [4.2]
wc[4.2]				whatis[3.2]
whereis[4.2]			who[4.9]
whoami[3.2]			xargs[6.2]
xinetd[5.3]			yacc (see bison)
ypdomainname(link to hostname)
z*: zcat,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep,zfgrep,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew[4.2.3]
[A

الاختصارات

 U.S.A Government related:
    ANSI ARPA DoD FIPS NIST NSA
 Standard related:
    ASCII DES HUG IEEE ISO HIG POSIX
 ORGs related:
    FSF GNU IEEE ISO SPI TLDP UNDP
 Linux and Unix related:
    *NIX Linux LUG TUX BSD POSIX
 License related:
    BSD EULA FDL GPL POSIX
 Protocols related:
    ARP CHAP DDP ICMP IMAP IP IPv4 IPv6 MSA MSP MSS MTU NTP PAP POP PPP RPC SMB SMTP SNMP SQL TCP TTL ToS UDP UUCP XDMCP
 Networks related:
    ARPAN ATM DLCI DMZ DNAT FQDN IOSN IRDA ISDN ISP MAC MAC MDA MSA MTA MTU MUA NAT SNAT SWAT VNC webmin 
 Buses related :
    AGP ATAPI IDE ISA PCI PCMCIA SCSI UART USB
 Other Hardware related:
    ALU APM ACPI CPU IA IRDA IRQ LBA MP PIC PNP POST PPC RAM ROM SMP UP
 Software related:
    BASH CC CLUE CORBA CPP CVS DAEMon GIMP GNOME GRUB GUI IDE KDE LiLo ORB PAM PERL TSR VFS WINE
 Other:
    BIOS CUPS EDSAC EDVAC ENIAC i18n l10n LPD LVM MBR RAID TMTOWTDI UNIVAC


*nix: any UNIX like OS. ACPI: Advanced Configeration & Power Interface. (see APM) AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port. (a bus designed to improve performance of 3D graphics) ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit. (part of CPU) ANSI: American National Standards Institute. APM: Advanced Power Management. (now replaced by ACPI) ARP: Address Resolution Protocol, maps IP to Hardware address. ARPA: Advanced Research Project Agency. ARPAN: Advanced Research Project Agency Network. (internet mother) ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ATAPI: AT Attachment Packet Interface. (like SCSI a protocol for controlling mass-storage devices eg. CDROM) ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (a network technology) BASH: Bourne Again SHell . BIOS: Basic Input/Output System. BSD: Berkeley Software Distribution. CC: C Compiler. CD: Compact Disc. CHAP: Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. CLUE: Command Line User Environment. (see GUI) CORBA: Common Object Request Broker Architecture. (see ORB) CPP: C Preprocessor. CPU: Central Processing Unit. CUPS: Common Unix Printing System.(see LPD) CVS: Concurrent Versions System. DDP: Datagram Delivery Protocol. (used in AppleTalk) DES: Data Encryption Standard. DLCI: Data Link Connection Identifier. (used in Frame Relay networks) DMZ: De-Militarized Zone. (a perimeter network ie between INET & LAN) DNAT: Destination Network Addres Translation. DoD: (U.S) Department of Defence. Daemon: Disk And Execution Monitor. EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer. (one of first computers, see ENIAC,EDVAC, and UNIVAC) EDVAC: Electronic Discvete Variable Automatic Computer 1946. (one of first computers, see ENIAC,EDSAC, and UNIVAC) ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 1943-1946. (one of first computers, see EDVAC,EDSAC, and UNIVAC) EULA: End-User License Agreement. FIPS: (U.S) Federal Information Processing Standards. (also a free partitioning tool for DOS) FQDN: Fully Qualified Domain Name. FSF: Free Software Foundation. GIMP: GNU Image Manpulator!! GNOME: GNU Network Object Model Environment. GNU: GNU is Not Unix. GPL: General Public License. GRUB: GRand Unified Bootloader. GUI: Graphical User Iinterfce. (see CLUE,HIG) HIG: (GNOME) Human Interface Guidelines. i18n: Internationalization. IA: Intel Arch. (the 80x86 family) IDE: Integrated Devalopment Enviroment. (a GUI for compiler) IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics. (a bus used by hard drives) IMAP: Internet Message Protocol - it's client access to your email remotly (see POP,MSA) IOSN: International Open Source Network IP: Internet Protocol. (see arpan) IPv4: or inet4 is Internet Protocol version 4 (32-bit "W.X.Y.Z" in dec) IPv6: or inet6 is Internet Protocol version 6 (128-bit "XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX" in hex) IRC: Internet Relay Chat. IRDA: InfraRed Data Association. IRQ: Interrupt Request. ISA: Industry System Architecture. (old bus) ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. ISO: International Standardization Organization. ISP: Internet Service Provider. KDE: K Desktop Enviorment. l10n: Localization. LBA: Logical Block Addressing. LiLo: Linux Loder. Linux: Linus UNIX. LPD: Line Printer Daemon. (see CUPS) LUG: Linux User Group. LVM: Logical Volume Management. MAC address: ethernet Media Access Control. Also called Ethernet Hardware address. (48-bit like XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX in hex) MBR: Master Boot Record. MDA: Mail Delivary Agent. (see MTA,MUA) MIPS: Million Instruction Per Second. MP: Multi Processor (more than 1 CPU) systems. MSA: Mail Submission Agent protocol. (see IMAP,POP) MSP: Message Send Protocol. MSS: Maximum Segment Size. (see MTU) MTA: Mail Transport Agent. (see MDA,MUA) MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. MUA: Mail User Agent. (see MDA,MTA) NAT: Network Addres Translation. NBP: Name Binding Protocol. NIS: Netword Information Server. NIST: (American) National Institute of Standards and Technology. NSA: (American) National Security Agency. NTP: Network Time Protocol. ORB: Object Request Broker. (see CORBA) PAM: Plugable Authenication Module. PAP: Password Authentication Protocol. PCI: Pheripheral Component Interconnect. (a 32-bit bus designed by Intel) PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. (a bus used in laptops) PERL: Pathalogical Eelectic Rubbish Lister. PERL: Practicl Everythhing Really Likeable. PERL: Practicl Extrction Reoprt Language. PIC: Programmable Interrupt Controller. PNP: Plug and Play. POP: PostOffice Protocol - it's client access to your email remotly then delete it from server (see IMAP,MSA) POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface, an attempt to standardize UNIX-like OSes. POST: Power On Self Test. PPC: Power Personal Computer. PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol. RAID: Redundant Array of Indepenant Disks. RAM: Random Access Memory ROM: Read Only Memory RPC: (Sun Mircrosystems) Remote Procedure Call. RTMP: Routing Table Maintenance Protocol. (ddp port 1) SCSI: Small Computer Systems Interconnect. (fast bus for larg size data storage) SMB: Session Management Block protocol. Also called netbios. (in Linux we have samba) SMP: Symmetric Multi Processing. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - to send emails. SNAT: Source Network Addres Translation. SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol. SPI: Software in the Public Interest. (related to Debian) SQL: Structured Query Language. SWAT: Samba Web Administration Tool. (windows networks, see SMB) TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TLDP: The Linux Documentation Project. TMTOWTDI: There's More Than One Way To Do It. TSR: Terminate but stay resedent in memory. TTL flag: Time To Live. (in TCP) TUX: Torvalds UNIX. ToS flag: Type of Service.(in TCP) UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. (used in real modems) UDP: User Datagram Protocol. UNDP: United Nations Development Programme. UNIVAC: UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1951. (one of first computers, see ENIAC,EDVAC,and EDSAC) UP: Uniprocessor (1 CPU) system. USB: Universal Serial Bus. (small general perpose bus eg. scanners printers mass-storage ...) UUCP: Unix to Unix Communication Protocol. VFS: Virtual File System. VNC: Virtual Network Computing. webmin: web based system administration utility. WINE: Wine Is Not Emulator. XDMCP: X Display Management Control Protocol. YP: Yello Pages. (old name for NIS) ZIP: Zone Information Protocol.

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