What is a PLC

A PLC (i.e. Programmable Logic Controller) is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control.

The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs. The user enters a program, usually via software, that gives the desired results.

PLCs are used in many “real world” applications. If there is industry present, chances are good that there is a plc present. If you are involved in machining, packaging, material handling, automated assembly or countless other industries you are probably already using them. If you are not, you are wasting money and time. Almost any application that needs some type of electrical control has a need for a plc.

For example, let’s assume that when a switch turns on we want to turn a solenoid on for 5 seconds and then turn it off regardless of how long the switch is on for. We can do this with a simple external timer. But what if the process included 10 switches and solenoids? We would need 10 external timers. What if the process also needed to count how many times the switches individually turned on? We need a lot of external counters.

As you can see the bigger the process the more of a need we have for a PLC. We can simply program the PLC to count its inputs and turn the solenoids on for the specified time.

مشكـــــــــــــــــور أخي م/ احمد
جزاك الله خيرا…

مشكووووووووور أخي أحمد معلومات قيمة …
ومفيدة …

وهذي معلومات اضافية عن الب ال سي…

PLC Terms and Concepts

  1. PLCs resemble personal computers in internal structure, whoever, they are equipped with input-output channels ready to deal with standard industrial signals levels.

  2. Although PLCs are built initial to handle sequential control as a replacement of relay logic, they are capable of performing continuous control functions ( like PID control) due to their arithmetic capabilities (They are micro processor based).

  3. PLCs are noise immune. However, relays are more noise immune than PLCs due to their electrometrical nature. In fact relay themselves are noise sources!!

  4. PLCs deals with different inputs and outputs signals levels (e.g. digital I/Os 12, 24 Vdc, 110, 220 Vac, analog I/Os 10 V, ±10V, 20 mA ). However, most PLCs operate internally at TTL voltage level 5 V

  5. PLCs use remote I/Os to reduce cabling casts and some times to organized control signals in structured form.

  6. Remote I/O units are connected to PLC unit serial communication.

  7. The longest possible serial communication distance between PLCs can be achieved using fiber optics cables.

  8. Coaxial cables provide good signal shielding and hence longer transmission (serial communication) than twisted pairs cables. However, fiber optics cables can carry signal longer distances.

  9. Programs stored in EPROM can be erased using ultra violet rays

  10. The resolution of a PLC analog input depends on number of bits for digital representation

  11. Relays and Contactors are used as pre-actuators

  12. An example of continuous pre-actuator is the inverter

  13. Inductive proximity detectors sense metallic objects, while capacitive proximity switches sense non-metallic objects

  14. Small size PLCs rarely have analog I/O points

  15. Retentive PLC memory is used to save required memory status

  16. PLC memory size depends on number of I/Os, future expansion, complication of problem logic & control strategy

  17. PLC system is usually preferred over Relays systems because of ease of installation ease of maintenance and operation speed.

  18. Interface relays used at PLC output sometimes to protect PLC output contacts.

  19. PLC size is determined by number of I/O points

  20. PLC system expandability is achieved by ability to connect to remote I/O units, max. supported number of I/Os, and ability to communicate with other PLCs

  21. Installed spare I/O points usually exists for the following reasons possible system expansion, maintenance and repair and due to modularity

  22. Example of commonly used PLCs applications are; industrial boilers, steel industry, chemical processes, food and beverage industry, textile industry , ….

  23. Emergency shut down ESD systems have to use fail safe PLC configuration

  24. Fire pumps should be fault tolerant PLC systems
    PLCs are not intrinsically safe for hazard areas also not all PLCs are explosion (Ex.) proof , usually PLC systems are configurable according to hazard areas

  25. Over 80% of fault probability in PLC systems is due external wiring, sensors and actuators

  26. PLCs communication modules are used to increase the system I/O points, to communicate with third party equipment, and to perform decentralized duties in addition to central activities.

  27. PLCs are used in PID continuous control loops due to their arithmetic abilities, analog I/Os and processing speed

  28. The most digital input noise immune module is the 220 volt module
    The most analog noise immune module is 4-20mA module

  29. To work in 50 C ambient and 90% RH in a dusty area with most PLCs we
    can have properly sized IP54 enclosure

تحياتي لك … أختك مهندسة :wink:

جزاكى الله خيرا اخت مهندسة و شكرا على اضافتك الممتازة

اخيكم فى الله عبد الظاهر

http://www.plcs.net/contents.shtml

إعجاب واحد (1)

جزاكم الله خير على المجهود في اضافة كل جديد

:slight_smile: this paragram was totally taken from Your Personal PLC Tutor Site - What is a PLC?
so please next time try to give full overview about what you write and from where you take the topic
and let the others see the real information source if you are sincere

هل هناك سوفت وير مجاني ممكن تحميله والتدرب عليه على برامج بي ال سي؟
الرجاء ارسالة لمن عنده البرنامج مشكورا"

كتابك كالطعام منه ما هو دواء و منه ما هو شفاء

قيل لحكيم : كيف تحكم على انسان ؟ فأجاب قائلا :فأسأله كم كتابا قرأت؟ و ماذا تقرأ؟

أجمل العيون عين تسري فيها الدموع من خشية الله كالوديان
و أجمل الأصوات صوت يصدح بتلاوة القرأن

هل ممكن ادخال سيقنال اوت بوت في ( بي ال سي 24 فولت) من (ريلي 12 فولت)؟

ارجو المساعدة في فهم الplc اكثر بوجود صور وامثلة

جزاكم الله خيرا على اضا فتكم الجيدة انا كان عندى مشكلة فى الشمروع وحاططها فى منتدى المشارع عن اختيار الباور للموتور اللى يخص المشروع ومفيش حد رد عليا مش فاهم ليه

شكرا